Coffee cultivation in Saudi Arabia’s Asir region is evolving from a generations-old farming tradition into an expanding economic sector, with thousands of farms and hundreds of thousands of trees spread across mountain terraces, valleys and slopes.
The coffee-growing belt extends from Al-Farshah and Tihama Qahtan in the south through a series of mountain governorates, centres and villages to Balqarn in the north. The area reflects Asir’s diverse geography and its long-standing connection with coffee cultivation.
The region’s varied elevations, moderate climate, rainfall and fertile soils create favourable conditions for coffee production. Farmers have also preserved mature trees and traditional agricultural techniques, passing knowledge from one generation to the next.
Data from the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture shows that Asir has more than 243,000 productive coffee trees, producing over 175 tonnes of pure coffee each year.
Cultivation expands across Asir
Coffee production in the region has expanded significantly in recent years. More than 634,000 coffee trees were planted across Asir between 2022 and 2025, while cultivation has grown to more than 7,000 hectares across 14 governorates.
The number of active coffee farms has exceeded 1,400, highlighting the crop’s growing economic importance for mountain communities.
Several programmes are supporting the expansion by increasing tree numbers, improving farm productivity and enhancing coffee quality. One initiative aims to plant one million coffee trees between 2026 and 2028 as part of broader efforts to develop the mountain economy and strengthen productive agricultural areas.
The programme also seeks to promote sustainable resource management, strengthen rural economies and provide greater support to farmers in Saudi Arabia’s mountain governorates.
Similar initiatives are being implemented in other coffee-producing areas in southwestern Saudi Arabia. In Najran, agricultural authorities are providing farmers with high-quality seedlings, organic fertilisers suited to local soil conditions, water-efficient irrigation systems and training in cultivation, harvesting and drying techniques.
In Al-Baha, more than 450 coffee farms contain over 115,000 trees. Authorities have established five specialised agricultural hubs for coffee cultivation, while more than 600,000 seedlings have been planted across the region. A coffee processing facility costing more than SR16 million is also under construction.
The initiatives form part of Saudi Arabia’s broader drive to develop its domestic coffee industry, support farmers, improve production standards and increase the economic value of locally grown crops.
In Asir, the combination of established farming traditions, expanding cultivation and government-backed development programmes is strengthening the region’s position in Saudi Arabia’s coffee industry while helping preserve its distinctive agricultural heritage.
Source: Arab News