The 2025 Henley Passport Index reveals that millions of travelers continue to face enormous barriers to global mobility — with citizens from nine countries holding the weakest passports in the world. Based on data from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and reported by the Times of India and Jagran Josh, the ranking exposes how political instability, security challenges, and limited diplomacy restrict international movement.

1. Afghanistan (Rank 104)

Afghan passport holders can enter only 25 countries without a prior visa, the lowest globally. Decades of conflict, terrorism, unstable governance, and limited diplomatic recognition have isolated Afghanistan, making international travel very restrictive. Most destinations require visas obtained through lengthy, uncertain processes. Afghanistan’s political turmoil remains a major factor behind its passport’s limited power.​

2. Syria (Rank 103)

Syria’s passport offers visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to just 29 countries. The country has been embroiled in a prolonged civil war since 2011, leading to diplomatic isolation and global sanctions. This, combined with security concerns, has led to many nations severely restricting entry for Syrians. Limited bilateral agreements further reduce travel freedom.​

3. Iraq (Rank 102)

Iraqi citizens enjoy visa-free access to only 31 countries. Political instability and security concerns stemming from years of conflict have weakened global trust in Iraqi passports. Since March 2025, Iraq suspended many visa-on-arrival options, shifting to mandatory e-visas for most travelers, adding procedural barriers. The Kurdistan region has a separate visa scheme with slightly more flexibility but limited to the region.​

4. Pakistan (Rank 101)

Pakistan’s passport holders can travel visa-free or obtain visas on arrival in only 33 countries. Persistent political tensions, terrorism concerns, and security issues hamper travel freedom. Despite the government’s efforts to expand visa agreements, Pakistan remains near the bottom in global mobility. Notably, Pakistan ranks as the fourth weakest globally, closely grouped with Yemen and Somalia.​

5. Yemen (Rank 101)

Yemen’s passport shares the same ranking as Pakistan, with access to 33 countries visa-free or visa-on-arrival. The protracted civil war, humanitarian crisis, and state fragmentation have contributed to severe travel limitations. Many countries require Yemeni travelers to obtain visas beforehand, and passport validity and recognition challenges exist due to multiple authorities issuing documents.​

6. Somalia (Rank 100)

Somali passports provide visa-free access to 34 countries. The country’s reputation as a failed state with ongoing conflict and piracy has led many nations to restrict travel for Somali citizens. Additionally, some countries like the US and UK require supplementary documentation, such as residence permits, due to concerns over identity verification and security.​

7. Nepal (Rank 99)

Nepalese passport holders can travel to 38 countries without prior visas. The nation’s relatively peaceful status and improved diplomatic relations have helped expand some travel freedoms. However, economic constraints and geographic factors limit Nepal’s global mobility compared to stronger passports. Nepalese citizens still need visas for major countries like the US, UK, and Japan.​

8. Palestinian Territories (Rank 99)

The Palestinian passport gives access to 38 countries, but the situation is complicated by political status and limited international recognition. Additionally, the US in 2025 suspended nearly all visas for Palestinian passport holders, significantly affecting travel options for Palestinians in Gaza, the West Bank, and the diaspora. Visa approvals now require heightened scrutiny, creating practical travel bans for many.​

9. Libya (Rank 98)

Libyan passport holders enjoy visa-free access to only 39 countries. Prolonged internal conflict, fragmented governance, and instability since 2011, along with sanctions and embassy closures, have constrained Libya’s diplomatic reach. While some travel is possible regionally, broader international visa-free access is very limited.​

Context on Passport Weakness

Passport strength reflects not just travel convenience but also a country's diplomatic relations, political stability, security situation, and economic standing. The nine countries with the weakest passports are predominantly characterized by ongoing conflict, political instability, humanitarian crises, and limited external recognition or cooperation. These factors severely restrict their citizens’ ability to travel globally, impacting education, employment, family reunification, and cultural exchange.

The gap between these passports and the world’s strongest—such as Singapore’s, which allows visa-free access to 193 countries—illustrates a vast global mobility divide rooted in geopolitical realities.​

This detailed profiling of each country’s passport status provides a clear understanding of the profound mobility restrictions millions face worldwide in 2025.

The Association of German Airports (Association of German Airports (ADV)) has issued a warning that the aviation sector may soon face widespread disruption as jet fuel supply pressures continue to intensify.

Speaking to the Sunday edition of Germany’s Welt newspaper, ADV chief executive Ralph Beisel said airlines are increasingly likely to cancel services, particularly low-cost carriers and routes considered less essential for tourism demand.

Beisel noted that under an optimistic outlook for 2026, passenger traffic would remain stable. However, he cautioned that a more severe scenario could see airport capacity fall by around 10 percent. Across the aviation network, that reduction could translate into disruptions affecting as many as 20 million travellers.

Such a decline would likely lead to certain destinations losing direct connectivity altogether, while others would see fewer available flights and higher fares due to constrained supply.

The association pointed to geopolitical tensions affecting global energy flows as a key factor behind the disruption. The conflict involving Iran has unsettled oil transportation routes through the Strait of Hormuz, contributing to rising jet fuel costs.

According to Beisel, jet fuel prices have remained at roughly double pre-conflict levels for more than two months, with no immediate relief expected. He added that even when fuel is available, current price levels make it difficult for airlines to operate many routes profitably, raising the likelihood of further schedule reductions in the months ahead.

Source: Oman Daily Observer

Europe’s aviation sector is preparing contingency measures to address potential jet fuel shortages caused by escalating tensions in the Middle East, prompting regulators to approve broader flexibility in fuel use across the region.

The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) announced Friday that supply disruptions affecting the Middle East and Arabian Gulf have impacted the availability of Jet A-1 fuel, the standard aviation fuel used throughout Europe. In response, regulators and fuel providers are assessing the wider adoption of Jet A fuel, a similar grade commonly used in North America, including for aircraft traveling to European destinations.

EASA issued updated operational guidance intended to help airlines, airports, and fuel suppliers safely manage the introduction of Jet A into European aviation systems. Although Jet A and Jet A-1 are closely related fuels, the agency noted that they differ in several technical aspects, including freezing point and electrical conductivity, which require additional safety precautions during operations.

The regulator cautioned that introducing Jet A into infrastructure traditionally designed for Jet A-1 could pose operational and safety challenges if the transition is not carefully coordinated across the aviation industry. EASA emphasized that effective implementation would depend on close collaboration between airports, fuel companies, airlines, and aircraft manufacturers.

The European Commission also released separate recommendations aimed at helping the transport sector respond to any future fuel supply disruptions linked to the Middle East conflict. While the Commission said there were currently no jet fuel shortages reported across the European Union, it stressed the importance of preparedness measures to maintain safe and uninterrupted flight operations.

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) echoed concerns about the potential impact of prolonged regional instability on global aviation fuel supplies. Stuart Fox, IATA’s director of flight and technical operations, said allowing European carriers greater flexibility to alternate between Jet A and Jet A-1 fuel, similar to practices already used in Canada, could provide airlines with more operational options during supply shortages.

Fox said the transition would require strict operational oversight, particularly for flights operating in colder regions, where Jet A’s higher freezing point must be taken into account during route planning and aircraft performance calculations.

He also noted that airports and fuel suppliers would need structured procedures for introducing the alternative fuel grade safely, including updated handling processes, clear labeling systems, communication protocols, and enhanced quality control measures.

Europe has experienced increasing pressure on energy and aviation fuel costs as instability in the Middle East continues to disrupt shipping routes through the Strait of Hormuz. European refineries currently supply around 70% of the bloc’s jet fuel demand, while the remainder is imported, largely from Gulf nations.

Last month, International Energy Agency Executive Director Fatih Birol warned that continued disruptions could lead to jet fuel shortages across Europe within a relatively short period.

Source: Anadolu Ajansı

Saudi Arabia has inaugurated a second gateway for its Makkah Route Initiative in Morocco, marking a further step in efforts to simplify pilgrimage travel. The new facility was opened at Rabat-Salé International Airport in the initiative’s dedicated hall.

The launch ceremony was attended by Saudi Arabia’s ambassador to Morocco, Dr Sami Al-Saleh, and Morocco’s Minister of Endowments, Ahmed Toufiq.

The Makkah Route Initiative is designed to enhance the travel experience for pilgrims from participating countries by handling key procedures before departure. According to Saudi Press Agency, the programme allows travellers to complete formalities in their home country, beginning with the electronic issuance of Hajj visas and the collection of biometric data.

Authorities then finalise entry procedures through the General Directorate of Passports, ensuring that pilgrims meet all health and regulatory requirements at the departure airport.

The initiative also covers the organisation of baggage, with luggage coded and sorted based on pilgrims’ transport and accommodation arrangements in Saudi Arabia. Upon arrival, pilgrims are transported directly by bus to their residences in Makkah and Madinah along designated routes, while partner agencies oversee the delivery of their belongings.

Source: ZAWYA

Emirates SkyCargo has introduced a new weekly freighter service to Toronto Pearson Airport, enhancing cargo connectivity between Canada and the United Arab Emirates while supporting expanding trade ties between the two markets.

The additional service is expected to provide Canadian exporters with increased access to international markets, reflecting a steady rise in bilateral trade. According to Emirates SkyCargo, exports from Canada to the UAE grew by 24% between 2023 and 2024, driven by improved air links and strengthening economic relations.

Badr Abbas, Divisional Senior Vice President at Emirates SkyCargo, described the launch as a key step in the airline’s broader network expansion strategy. He noted that the Toronto route aligns with evolving global trade corridors and adds 100 tonnes of weekly export capacity, supplementing existing cargo space available on passenger flights.

The service also enhances connectivity beyond the UAE. On inbound journeys, the freighter will stop in Amsterdam, facilitating trade between Canada and the European Union. This segment is expected to support the transportation of pharmaceuticals, perishable goods, and manufactured products into Canada.

Toronto Pearson officials welcomed the development, highlighting the airport’s role as Canada’s largest air cargo hub, handling roughly 45% of the country’s total cargo volume. Chief Commercial Officer Kurush Minocher said the new service strengthens the airport’s position as a key gateway for global trade and offers businesses more direct and reliable shipping options.

Emirates has been operating passenger flights to Toronto since 2007, playing a significant role in facilitating trade. Since 2023, the airline has transported more than 11,000 tonnes of export cargo from Canada, underlining its growing importance in the country’s logistics network.

Source: ZAWYA

The Qatar Civil Aviation Authority has taken action against four travel agencies, ordering their closure after they were found to be in violation of applicable regulations.

According to the authority, the decision reflects its continued efforts to reinforce regulatory oversight within the air transport industry and ensure strict adherence to national laws governing the sector.

The Air Transport Department, operating under the authority, said it is maintaining regular inspection campaigns targeting travel agencies and air cargo service providers. These checks are intended to verify compliance with established legal and operational standards.

Officials reiterated that the authority remains committed to strengthening monitoring procedures and improving enforcement measures across the industry.

The authority also urged all licensed entities to comply fully with relevant regulations and to avoid engaging in travel or air cargo operations without obtaining the required approvals from the competent department. It cited Article (3) of Law No. (3) of 2025, which governs licensing requirements and operational permissions in the sector.

Source: ZAWYA